Bisabolol can be derived synthetically, or extracted naturally from Chamomile, where the Bisabolol isomer is the active principle in the plant. It has been used for hundreds of years to help accelerate skin´s own healing process. Its anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a highly suitable ingredient for use in skincare products.

L-Carnitine (also known as Carnitine) is an amino-acid-like substance found in the skin which, when applied topically in specific formulas, can help reduce sebum production.

Climbazole is an anti-fungal and anti-microbial active ingredient used in anti-dandruff products. This chemically synthesised ingredient fights the yeast (Malassezia) which plays an important role in the formation of dandruff.

Creatine is a natural acid produced in kidney and liver and mostly stored in the muscle cells but it can also be supplied by nutrition. Tissues with high energy demands take up Creatine through an active transport system.

Muscle cells use CreatinePhosphate, a phosphorylated form of Creatine, to store energy. In the human hair follicle, the Creatine active transport system and the Creatine kinase (enzyme) are responsible for the energy production.

Like Urea, Lactate (the salt of Lactic Acid) is also a “natural moisturising factor” (NMF), and is produced naturally by the skin. Lactate absorbs and retains moisture within the stratum corneum, or upper layer of the skin, and therefore plays a vital role in maintaining the skin’s physical properties. Low levels of Lactate within the stratum corneum are known to be associated with dry skin.

Licochalcone A is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active ingredient derived from the root of the Chinese Liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza inflata), which uses natural compounds to protect its cells from excessive sunlight. When used in skincare products, Licochalcone A works to neutralise the free radicals that can damage skin cells and accelerate the ageing process and protects the deeper epidermal skin layers from sun-induced damage. When applied to irritated skin, Licochalcone A reduces redness and helps to soothe mild inflammation.

The protective acid mantle or hydrolipid film which covers skin’s surface is slightly acidic. The average pH of around 5.4-5.9 is important for the activation of protective enzymes, which regulate bacterial growth and support desquamation, or skin shedding. In sensitive skin, the protective mantle loses its acidity, weakening skin’s natural boundary functions. pH5 Citrate Buffer helps restore and stabilise skin’s natural pH, encouraging enzyme activation and protection against irritations.

Piroctone Olamine is an anti-fungal and anti-microbial active ingredient used in anti-dandruff products. This chemically synthesised ingredient fights the yeast (Malassezia) which plays an important role in the formation of dandruff.

Polidocanol is an antipruritic agent that has been clinically proved to soothe skin and help relieve itching.

Urea (also known as Carbamide) is produced naturally by the skin and is an essential Natural Moisturising Factor (NMF) regulating skin’s moisture content. Urea is hygroscopic, which means it is able to bind moisture in to the outermost layer of skin. It is also keratolytic, meaning it breaks down the connections between dead skin cells, and has anti-itch and anti-microbial properties. As a result, it improves natural exfoliation and soothes and smooths the skin’s surface. As a substance produced naturally by the skin, Urea is well-tolerated even by dry and sensitive skin.